Elevators Footnotes

1 Fogelson, Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880-1950, 115–16.
2 “Elevator and Escalator Fact Sheet”; “Public Transportation Facts.”
3 “Purchasing Power Parities (PPP).”
4 “Publication 862: Sales and Use Tax Classifications of Capital Improvements and Repairs to Real Property”; “Sales Tax and Home Improvements: Tax Topic Bulletin S&U-2.”
5 “Elevator and Escalator Fact Sheet.”
6 de Mas Latrie, “Closing the Distance Between Europe and China.”
7 “Fact Sheet.”
8 “American Housing Survey (AHS): 2021 National — General Housing Data — All Occupied Units”; “Número de viviendas principales según tipo de edificación y régimen de tenencia”; “Federación Empresarial Española de Ascensores.”
9 “Distribution of Population by Degree of Urbanisation, Dwelling Type and Income Group – EU-SILC Survey.”
10 “PLUTO and MapPLUTO”; “SNEL: Sicherheit für bestehende Aufzüge, SIA 370.080”; “Wohnungen nach Kanton, Gebäudekategorie, Anzahl Zimmer, Wohnungsfläche und Bauperiode”; “DOB Celebrates National Elevator and Escalator Safety Awareness Week.”
11 Primari, “La Ca’ Brütta di Muzio e il IV libro del Serlio: l’invenzione del linguaggio”; Garnerone, “Casa Rustici”; Garnerone, “Edificio per abitazioni ‘Casa a ville sovrapposte.’”
12 “Rosta Nova INA-CASA”; “Franco Albini _ Via Felice Orsini 68 _ 1953.”
13 Ott, “54 Social Housing in Inca, Illes Balears \/ Joan Josep Fortuny Giró + Alventosa Morell Arquitectes.”
14 “Generationenhaus Schauburg”; “Neubau Zweifamilienhaus Emmen.”
15 Dal Secco, “Ascenseurs à R+3 sans condition : S. Cluzel explique !”
16 “Bauordnungen\/VV Technische Baubestimmungen.”
17 “Documento Básico SUA: Seguridad de utilización y accesibilidad,” Sección SUA 9 Accesibilidad, 1.1.2; “Testo aggiornato della legge 9 gennaio 1989, n. 13, recante: ‘Disposizioni per favorire il superamento e l’eliminazione delle barriere architettoniche negli edifici privati’.,” Art. 1; “Boverket’s Mandatory Provisions and General Recommendations, BBR: BFS 2011:6 with Amendments up to BFS 2018:4.”
18 “Byggteknisk forskrift (TEK17) med veiledning,” § 12-3; “Executive Order No. 1615 of 13 Dec. 2017 (in Force),” Chapter 10, Section 244.
19 “Règlement concernant l’accessibilité des constructions et installations diverses (RACI), L 5 05.06,” Chapitre II, Art. 8; “Planungs- und Baugesetz (PBG), 700.1,” § 239.
20 “Building Code Ordinances Modified,” 1034.
21 Trotsky, My Life, Chapter 22.
22 “Elevator and Escalator Fact Sheet.”
23 “Interactive Property Map.”
24 “PLUTO and MapPLUTO”; “Elevator Device Data – FOIL.”
25 “A Bill for an Ordinance: 7 (2019)”; Pang, “Developer Credits Bills with Making 5-Story Walk-up Complex Feasible.”
26 Aaron Brumer & Assoc., Architects, “69-Unit Multifamily Building: 1726 & 1728 N. Alexandria Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90027”; Jeff Zbikowski Architecture, “Mariposa Apts: Entitlement Set.”
27 Barrier Free Environments, Inc., “Fair Housing Act Design Manual: A Manual to Assist Designers and Builders in Meeting the Accessibility Requirements of the Fair Housing Act.”
28 “International Building Code,” Section 1009.2.1.
29 “2022 New York City Building Code,” Section 3002.4.
30 “164 S. Oxford Street #PH”; “625 Warren Street #4.”
31 Garcia et al., “Unlocking the Potential of Missing Middle Housing.”
32 “Height.”
33 Dyett & Bhatia Urban and Regional Planners, “Sacramento 2040 General Plan, Public Review Draft.”
34 “Multiplex Proposal Update: Adding Missing Middle Housing + Simplifying Regulations In Low Density Neighbourhoods”; Jeffords, “Toronto City Council Approves Multiplexes to Address Growing Housing Crisis.”
35 Hamilton, “Learning from Houston’s Townhouse Reforms.”
36 Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities.
37 Gans, “The Death & Life of Great American Cities, by Jane Jacobs.”
38 Kanigel, Eyes on the Street.
39 Shipler, “‘Village’ Group Wins 8-Year Battle to Build 5-Story Walk-Up Apartments.”
40 Martin, “West Village Houses a Monument to a 1960s Development Battle.”
41 Speckert, “The Second Egress: Building a Code Change”; Eliason, “Unlocking Livable, Resilient, Decarbonized Housing with Point Access Blocks”; Smith, “Single-Stair Tracker.”
42 “‘80% of the Buildings That Will Exist in 2050 Already Exist’ – Bringing Net Zero to the Masses.”
43 “Nachgerüstete Aufzugsanlagen.”
44 “Instalación de ascensores en Barcelona: Solicite precios para instalar ascensores en su edificio”; “Ascensor Comunidad de Vecinos, Precios, Instalación y Ayudas”; “¿Cuánto cuesta poner un ascensor?”; Torío, “¿Te han dicho que tu edificio no puede tener ascensor? Esta es la solución”; “Aufzug nachträglich einbauen ist einfacher als gedacht!”
45 Bradsher, “As China Ages, a Push to Add Elevators Offers a New Kind of Economic Relief.”
46 “Chongqing Building with 24 Floors and No Elevator Goes Viral.”
47 Ma, Li, and Yang, “Housing Price Appreciation Effects of Elevator Installation in Old Residential Areas: Empirical Evidence Based on a Multiperiod DID Model”; Bradsher, “As China Ages, a Push to Add Elevators Offers a New Kind of Economic Relief.”
48 Chen et al., “Analysis of Adding Elevator to Multi-Storey Residential Buildings in Xining Based on Cost Benefit Analysis.”
49 Ley 49\/1960, de 21 de julio, sobre propiedad horizontal.
50 “Ref: c.u. 62-11.”
51 Westling, “Elevators for Existing Buildings – Prefabrication and Pilot Series for Continued Development.”
52 “Barriere­reduzierung – Investitions­zuschuss, Zuschuss 455-B”; “Altersgerecht Umbauen – Kredit, Kredit 159”; Yılmaz, “SEElift Zagreb Meeting.”
53 Mammarella, “Bonus 75% barriere architettoniche prorogato al 2025.”
54 “To Spend $300,000 on Bronx Houses”; “Urges Remodeling of Old Buildings.”
55 Oser, “Making Tenements Modern”; Peterson, “Tenements of the 1880’s Are Adapting to the 1980’s.”
56 Oser, “Outside Elevators May Help Sell Renovated Walk-Ups.”
57 Kukhnin et al., “Global Elevators & Escalators.”
58 Smith, Interview.
59 “Maintenance & Operating Expense Guidelines, New Construction.”
60 de la Guardia Garcia-Lomas, Palacios, and Palomo Zurdo, “Mergers & Acquisitions in the Elevator Industry: The Use of Information and Communication Technologies to Avoid Information Asymmetry.”
61 “Preisliste Aufzug – Wartung.”
62 Berthault, “Rapport relatif aux difficultés rencontrées dans l’entretien, la maintenance, la réparation et la mise aux normes des ascenseurs à Paris et dans l’application des dispositions de la loi « urbanisme et habitat » du 2 juillet 2003 dite « de Robien »,” 30.
63 Konaté, “Quel est le prix de l’entretien d’un ascenseur.”
64 “Elevator Testing: Annual and 5 Year Elevator Testing.”
65 “Contrôle technique quinquennal des ascenseurs – ‘Loi SAE – Loi de Robien’”; “Contrôle technique des ascenseurs suivant la Loi de Robien.”
66 “Aufzugsprüfung Österreich, Personen- und Lastenaufzug, S41-705-10-RI0104-01-0001.”
67 “Tariffario Divisione Ascensori”; “Elenco prezzi unitari”; “Tariffario delle prestazioni e degli interventi erogati dal Dipartimento di Igiene e Prevenzione Sanitaria richiesti da terzi nel proprio interesse”; “Informazioni sulle tariffe delle verifiche periodiche.”
68 “Modernization Proposal: 1011 Englewood Pkwy.”; “Request for Approval: P-220001, Elevator Modernization Project.”
69 “Question écrite n° 5-11230.”
70 Berthault, “Rapport relatif aux difficultés rencontrées dans l’entretien, la maintenance, la réparation et la mise aux normes des ascenseurs à Paris et dans l’application des dispositions de la loi « urbanisme et habitat » du 2 juillet 2003 dite « de Robien »,” 52.
71 Marten-Pérolin, “En France, un quart des ascenseurs ont plus de 40 ans et vont devoir être rénovés rapidement”; Coulaud, “Copropriété : comment les ascensoristes poussent à la consommation.”
72 “Aufzugsmodernisierung – Kosten und Fristen.”
73 “The Benefits of GMV North America’s 100% Complete Packages.”
74 Retolaza et al., “New Design for Installation (DfI) Methodology for Large Size and Long Life Cycle Products: Application to an Elevator”; Fehler, “Die Aufzugsmontage – Vorbereitung bis Inbetriebnahme.”
75 Berliner Mieterverein, “Aufzug gesperrt: Stuhl auf halber Treppe ist kein Ersatz”; “Comment planifier un projet de modernisation d’un ascenseur d’appartement: Informations indispensables pour planifier la rénovation de votre ascenseur”; Zeisberg, “Aufzugsmodernisierung – aber wann und wie?”
76 Hussey, “Elevator Modernization: Is It Time?”
77 Chin, “An Elevator Overhaul Is Both Headache and Opportunity.”
78 Bernard, Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator, 1–33.
79 Shrestha, “Safety Considerations for the Design of Modern Elevator Systems”; The A17.1 Code: A Century of Progress for Safety, 1921-2021, 12.
80 Consumer Product Safety Commission, “National Electronic Injury Surveillance System 2003-2022.”
81 Bernard, Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator, 32.
82 “Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities: Table A-5. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation and Event or Exposure, All United States,” 2021; “National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates.”
83 “News Release: National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries in 2022”; “Fatal Occupational Injuries, Total Hours Worked, and Rates of Fatal Occupational Injuries by Selected Worker Characteristics, Occupations, and Industries, Civilian Workers.”
84 Wiatrowski and Janocha, “Comparing Fatal Work Injuries in the United States and the European Union.”
85 “Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities: Table A-5. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation and Event or Exposure, All United States,” 2021; “Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities: Table A-5. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation and Event or Exposure, All United States,” 2020; “Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities: Table A-5. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation and Event or Exposure, All United States,” 2019; “Fatal Occupational Injuries by Selected Characteristics.”
86 “Accidents of Lifts and Escalators.”
87 Gemici-Loukas, “Basic and Industrial Statistics.”
88 Bernard, Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator, 30.
89 Blazewick et al., “Stair-Related Injuries Treated in United States Emergency Departments.”
90 Webber, “Accidental Falls on Stairs or Steps in England and Wales: A Study of Time Trends of Fatalities.”
91 Cayless, “Slip, Trip and Fall Accidents: Relationship to Building Features and Use of Coroners’ Reports in Ascribing Cause.”
92 Huxley-Reicher, “Fact File: Americans Drive the Most.”
93 “Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2022”; Yellman and Sauber-Schatz, “Motor Vehicle Crash Deaths — United States and 28 Other High-Income Countries, 2015 and 2019.”
94 “Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts – Particular Applications for Passenger and Goods Passenger Lift – Part 70: Accessibility to Lifts for Persons Including Persons with Disability.”
95 “Documento Básico SUA: Seguridad de utilización y accesibilidad,” Anejo A, Ascensor accesible.
96 “Documento Básico SI: Seguridad en caso de incendio,” Sección SI 4, Tabla 1.1; Anejo SI A, Ascensor de emergencia.
97 “Prescrizioni tecniche necessarie a garantire l’accessibilità, l’adattabilità e la visitabilità degli edifici privati e di edilizia residenziale pubblica sovvenzionata e agevolata, ai fini del superamento e dell’eliminazione delle barriere architettoniche. (GU Serie Generale n.145 del 23-06-1989 – Suppl. Ordinario n. 47),” 8.1.12(b).
98 “Distribution of Population by Degree of Urbanisation, Dwelling Type and Income Group – EU-SILC Survey.”
99 Speckert, “Jurisdictions – The Second Egress: Building a Code Change.”
100 “Liften: risico’s, aanpak en effect.”
101 “Bouwbesluit Online.”
102 “Boverket’s Mandatory Provisions and General Recommendations, BBR: BFS 2011:6 with Amendments up to BFS 2018:4.”
103 “Musterbauordnung (MBO), geändert durch Beschluss der BMK vom 22.\/23.09.2022.”
104 “Réglementation Ascenseurs.”
105 “Executive Order No. 1615 of 13 Dec. 2017 (in Force)”; Eder, “Personenaufzüge gemäß Bauordnung für Wien (BO) – WBTV 2015, Barrierefreie Erschließung.”
106 “Code on Accessibility in the Built Environment,” 4.9.2.1; “Fire Code,” 6.6.5(b).
107 Kim et al., “Quality between Mechanical Compression on Reducible Stretcher versus Manual Compression on Standard Stretcher in Small Elevator”; Kim et al., “Chest Compression Fraction between Mechanical Compressions on a Reducible Stretcher and Manual Compressions on a Standard Stretcher during Transport in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests.”
108 “National Construction Code, Volume One, Section E, Part E3.”
109 “Building Code Ordinances Modified.”
110 “Kone MonoSpace 500 DX: Configurations & Dimensions”; “Gen3 Elevator: Hoistway Dimensional Data”; “Planungsdaten Schindler 3000: Standard-Schachtabmessungen”; “Kone MonoSpace 300 DX | Planungsdaten: Schachtgrundriss,” 300.
111 “NEII-1: Building Transportation Standards and Guidelines.”
112 “A117.1: Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities,” 407.4.1.
113 “Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards”; “Elevator Device Data – FOIL.”
114 Knox, “Building Management: Installation of Elevators in Lofts.”
115 “A117.1: Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities,” 407.4.1.
116 “A117.1: Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities,” 408.4.1.
117 “1988 Uniform Building Code,” 5103(e); “2022 California Building Code, Title 24, Part 2 (Volumes 1 & 2) with Jan 2023 Errata,” 3002.4a.
118 “2000 International Building Code,” 3002.4.
119 International Code Council, Code Changes Resource Collection: Approved Code Changes Resulting in the 2006 IBC, 86.
120 International Code Council, “ICC Public Hearing,” G188-07\/08.
121 Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes, “National Building Code – 2023 Alberta Edition,” 3.5.4.1.
122 “International Building Code,” 3002.4.
123 2021 IBC Code and Commentary, 2:3002.4.
124 2016 California Building Code, 3002.4.
125 Laurent, “Elevator Car to Accommodate Ambulance Stretcher – Exemptions to the Minimum Dimensions.”
126 “iNX Integrated Patient Transport & Loading System”; “Power-Pro 2, Powered Ambulance Cot,” 201; “2014 New York City Building Code,” 3002.4.2.
127 “PLUTO and MapPLUTO”; “Elevator Device Data – FOIL.”
128 2023 Florida Building Code, Building, 3002.4.
129 “Schindler Low-Rise MRL Traction Elevators Meet IBC Stretcher Requirements.”
130 Yan et al., “The Global Survival Rate among Adult Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Who Received Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.”
131 Mao and Ong, “High-Rise Residential Resuscitation.”
132 Chitti et al., “Transit Costs Project: The Italian Case.”
133 “Prezzario regionale delle opere pubbliche.”
134 “New York City Zoning Resolution,” 12–10; “Los Angeles Planning and Zoning,” 12.03; “Article 14, General Rules,” 1.7.A.1.c.vi; “Portland Zoning Code (Title 33),” 33.91; “The Philadelphia Code,” 14-202(4); “Zoning Ordinance, Arlington County, Virginia,” 3.1.1.C; “Jersey City, New Jersey – Code of Ordinances,” Article V.
135 “Spotlight on VET: Germany.”
136 World Bank, “Employment in Industry (% of Total Employment) (Modeled ILO Estimate) – European Union.”
137 Schenkel, “Schindler-Schweiz-CEO: «Fachkräftemangel hat sich verschärft».”
138 “Willkommen in der VFA-Akademie.”
139 “System szkolnictwa zawodowego.”
140 Popielas, “Polish Lift Industry Education & Training”; “Edukacja”; “Katalog szkoleń Akademii UDT: Specjalistyczne szkolenia techniczne”; “Projekt programu nauczania zawodu technik urządzeń dźwigowych.”
141 Lehtinen, “Development of Elevator Installation Process from Workers’ Commitment and Motivation Perspective,” 45.
142 Iwer, “Innovationstrends in der Aufzugsindustrie und Folgen für die Beschäftigungssituation.”
143 “Document 31996L0071.”
144 Fati, “De ce a început România să încurajeze eliberarea pașapoartelor pentru cei din R. Moldova”; “New Temporary Residence Permit for Belarusians Holding Humanitarian Visas.”
145 Dispan, “Aufzüge und Fahrtreppen — Branche im Wandel,” 54.
146 Dispan, “Aufzugs- und Fahrtreppenbranche in Deutschland: Entwicklungstrends und Herausforderungen – Branchenreport 2015.”
147 Lehtinen, “Development of Elevator Installation Process from Workers’ Commitment and Motivation Perspective,” 49–50.
148 “Overenskomst for Heisfaget 15.05.2022–14.05.2024.”
149 “Hvordan bli heismontør.”
150 “Solidarity Works – Orona Elevator Workers in Norway Conclude Agreement.”
151 Berthault, “Rapport relatif aux difficultés rencontrées dans l’entretien, la maintenance, la réparation et la mise aux normes des ascenseurs à Paris et dans l’application des dispositions de la loi « urbanisme et habitat » du 2 juillet 2003 dite « de Robien »,” 10; Ceccaglini and Tomasovitch, “Bilal, 4 ans, mort à cause d’un ascenseur défectueux.”
152 Berthault, “Rapport relatif aux difficultés rencontrées dans l’entretien, la maintenance, la réparation et la mise aux normes des ascenseurs à Paris et dans l’application des dispositions de la loi « urbanisme et habitat » du 2 juillet 2003 dite « de Robien »,” 32.
153 Leboucq, “Ascenseurs : la loi Robien va dynamiser le marché.”
154 Gournac, “Proposition de loi relative aux pénuries de main d’oeuvre.”
155 “Les Formations du technicien.”
156 Bissuel, “Le recours croissant des ascensoristes aux sous-traitants inquiète les syndicats.”
157 “Arrêté du 1er avril 2021 relatif à la délivrance, sans opposition de la situation de l’emploi, des autorisations de travail aux étrangers non ressortissants d’un Etat membre de l’Union européenne, d’un autre Etat partie à l’Espace économique européen ou de la Confédération suisse”; “Loi immigration : quels sont les métiers en tension ?”; Vignal, “Régularisation des sans-papiers dans les métiers en tension : que dit l’amendement de compromis entre LR et centristes ?”
158 “Situation économique du secteur.”
159 Freemark, “Doubling Housing Production in the Paris Region”; Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, “Logements mis en chantier”; “Les pratiques de marquage CE des ascenseurs en France”; “Les ascensoristes et élévatoristes s’engagent dans la formation des jeunes et recrutent près de 1 500 nouveaux techniciens en 2020”; “Les ascenseurs en France.”
160 Siniavskaia, “Immigrant Workers in the Construction Labor Force.”
161 Barbash, “Union Interests in Apprenticeship and Other Training Forms”; Meeks, “A Primer on the Different Types of Labor Unions.”
162 Orr and Jain, “The Case for Shortening Medical Education.”
163 “NEIEP Help Center.”
164 “Apprenticeship Opportunities.”
165 “NEBA Agreement with IUEC, 2022-2027,” Article XXII, Par. 1, (b).
166 International Union of Elevator Constructors, “Wage Rates, IUEC Local No. 25, Denver, CO,” January 1, 2020.
167 “Apprenticeship.”
168 2005 Ct. Sup. 844.
169 Devlin, “Re: Proposed Rule: Apprenticeship Programs, Labor Standards for Registration, Amendment of Regulations,” October 24, 2019.
170 Christensen, “Re: Associated Builders and Contractors Empire State Chapter Elevator\/Escalator Constructor & Modernizer Program Pending Approval,” October 16, 2020; Hagerty, “Re: Associated Builders and Contractors Empire State Chapter Elevator\/Escalator Constructor & Modernizer Program Pending Approval,” October 12, 2020.
171 “Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal Elevator Safety Review Board Meeting,” July 14, 2011, 58–85.
172 “DOL-Registered Apprenticeship Programs in Texas as of 8.28.19”; “Period Covered: 7\/1\/2017 – 1\/1\/2023 (Connecticut Registered Apprenticeships)”; Public Sector Consultants Inc., “Benefits of Michigan Apprenticeship Programs”; Argyres and Moir, “Building Trades Apprenticeship Training in Massachusetts: An Analysis of Union and Non-Union Programs, 1997-2007.”
173 Blankenbiller, “Get With the Program!”
174 “NEBA Agreement with IUEC, 2022-2027,” Article XXII.
175 International Union, El. v. State El., 11822.
176 Layman, “Minutes: Elevator Installation, Repair and Maintenance Work Examining Board.”
177 Looney et al., An Act Expanding Economic Opportunity in Licensed Occupations; Lamont, An Act Expanding Economic Opportunity in Occupations Licensed by the Department of Consumer Protection.
178 “House Bills 6445, 6449, An Act Concerning Economic Opportunity in Occupations Licensed by the Departments of Consumer Protection and Public Health.”
179 “Testimony For Bill Number HB-06445 In All Committees.”
180 DeRosa, “Testimony of the International Union of Elevator Constructors Local 91,” February 23, 2021; Farnsworth, “Public Hearing Testimony,” February 23, 2021.
181 Comey et al., An Act Expanding Economic Opportunity In Occupations Licensed By The Departments Of Public Health And Consumer Protection And Requiring A Report From Certain Executive Branch Agencies Regarding Background Checks And The Feasibility Of Establishing Preclearance Assessments Of Criminal History; “Elevator Journeyperson – Equivalent Out of State License.”
182 General Laws, Part I, Title XX, Chapter 143, Section 71C.
183 United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2022: 47-0000 Construction and Extraction Occupations (Major Group).”
184 United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, “May 2022 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates: United States.”
185 International Union of Elevator Constructors, “Wage Rates, IUEC Local No. 8, San Francisco, CA,” January 1, 2020; International Union of Elevator Constructors, “Wage Rates, IUEC Local No. 135, Charlotte, NC,” January 1, 2020.
186 Woodlock, Kone v. Local 4, IUEC.
187 “NEBA Agreement with IUEC, 2022-2027,” Article XIV, Par. 1; Article IV, Par. 11; Article XV.
188 NEBA, Fujitec v. IUEC, Local 4.
189 Otis v. Local 91, IUEC.
190 Otis v. IUEC, Local 34.
191 NEBA and Schindler v. IUEC, Local 14.
192 NEBA and Schindler v. Local 5, IUEC.
193 Otis v. Local 4, IUEC, D. Mass. May 26, 2004 at 4; Otis v. Local 4, IUEC, D. Mass. June 10, 2005 at 4.
194 Otis v. Local 1, IUEC; Otis v. Local 4, IUEC, D. Mass. November 24, 2004.
195 Coles, “The World’s Oldest Road.”
196 “Modular Construction in the Lift Sector”; “Fast and Innovative: Modular Design Lifts”; “The Urban Future Is Pre-Fabricated – Why Modular Construction Is on the Rise”; “Step into the Future with Schindler R.I.S.E.”
197 Brigham, “General President’s Report.”
198 Grossman, “IUEC, Local 35 v. Kone, Gr: No. 4-112 – Reassembling Crosshead Sheaves.”
199 Vaughn, “Kone v. IUEC, Work Jurisdiction, Installation of Balustrade Brackets Grievance, AAA Case No. 33 300 00336 02.”
200 McCann, “Deaths and Injuries Involving Elevators and Escalators.”
201 Vaughn, “Kone v. IUEC, Work Jurisdiction, Installation of Balustrade Brackets Grievance, AAA Case No. 33 300 00336 02.”
202 “Settlement Agreement Regarding 9300 Escalator”; Bender and Van Winkle, “Settlement Agreement Regarding 9700 Escalator.”
203 “Settlement Agreement, TKE and IUEC (Synergy L MRL).”
204 Bender and Dzierzawiec, “Settlement Agreement: FMM\/6400 Product.”
205 Bender and Dzierzawiec, “Settlement Agreement: 5500 MRL Rear Counterweight.”
206 Local 18, “Local Roundup.”
207 “NEBA Agreement with IUEC, 2022-2027,” Article IV.
208 Shields and Bender, “Settlement Agreement (Schindler 3300).”
209 Clarke, “ThyssenKrupp Elevator v. IUEC, Grievance: Work Jurisdiction.”
210 “NEBA Agreement with IUEC, 2022-2027,” Article IV.
211 Otis Elevator Co. v. Union, Elevator, Local 4, 408 F. 3d.
212 “Contractors.”
213 International Union of Elevator Constructors, Local 3 (Otis Elevator Company), 364 NLRB.
214 Elevator Constructors Local 91 (Otis Elevator), 281 NLRB.
215 “Sistema MPD (Multi Pantalla Digital)”; “Settlement Agreement: Otis Elite Services.”
216 Knapik.
217 Oracle Elevator v. University of South Carolina, Best Value Bid No. USC-BVB-2485MR; Pipitone, “Contract Controversy at MIA Escalates Into Court Fight.”
218 “NEBA Agreement with IUEC, 2022-2027,” Article XX.
219 “Model Elevator Law”; Blankenbiller, “Get With the Program!”
220 The A17.1 Code: A Century of Progress for Safety, 1921-2021, 21.
221 The A17.1 Code: A Century of Progress for Safety, 1921-2021, 2–7.
222 The A17.1 Code: A Century of Progress for Safety, 1921-2021, 21–22.
223 The A17.1 Code: A Century of Progress for Safety, 1921-2021, 23; Alley, “Elevator Rules and ASME Adopted Code Year by State.”
224 Dispan, “Aufzugs- und Fahrtreppenbranche in Deutschland: Entwicklungstrends und Herausforderungen – Branchenreport 2015,” 24.
225 “IAEC Position Paper: Should ASME A17.1\/CSA B44 ‘Converge’ with ISO 8100”; Freeland, “Elevator Maintenance and Inspection: Recommendations, Regulations and Codes: 1880-1940”; Gray, “The 1935 Code of Practice for the Installation of Lifts and Escalators.”
226 Mäntyvaara, “40 Years of Elevator-Code Standardization.”
227 “Otis Overhaul to Cut 2,000?”; Lotze, “Esfandiar Gharibaan: Harmonised Standards Reduce Costs.”
228 Kukhnin et al., “Global Elevators & Escalators.”
229 “IAEC Position Paper: Should ASME A17.1\/CSA B44 ‘Converge’ with ISO 8100.”
230 8 CCR § 3141, Conveyances Covered by ASME A17.1-2004.
231 “Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal Elevator Safety Review Board Meeting,” November 5, 2020.
232 Rushton, “Fire Marshal, Governor’s Offices Have Questionable Track Records as to Elevators”; O’Connor, “Quinn Renames Board Chairman despite Alleged Rezko Ties.”
233 Gray, “Early Machine-Room-Less Elevators.”
234 LiMandri, “Promulgation Details for 1 RCNY 3610-02”; Karin, “New Elevator Technology: The Machine Room-Less Elevator”; “MRL Elevators on the Rise.”
235 Blaska, “California Proposed Elevator Code Changes.”
236 “NEII Comments on DOSH Presentation.”
237 “ASME 17.1-2016\/CSA B44-16,” 2.11.11.5.7; “BS EN 81‐20:2020,” 5.3.5.3.1(b).
238 Koshak, “Elevator Hoistway Doors.”
239 “ASME 17.1-2016\/CSA B44-16,” 8.3.4.
240 “BS EN 81-58:2018”; Gizicki et al., “The Investigation of Efficacy and Fire Resistance Characteristics of Fire Barrier in the Lift Industry Applications”; “BS EN 81‐20:2020,” 5.3.5.2.
241 “Wittur.”
242 Pelikan, “Stuck in an Elevator? Here’s What to Do (and Not Do).”
243 “BS EN 81-28:2018.”
244 “2015 Group A Proposed Changes to the I-Codes Memphis Committee Action Hearings,” April 19, 2015, EB 94-15.
245 Cid, “Complete Revision History to the 2018 I-Codes – IBC: Successful Changes and Public Comments; Code Change No: G195-15.”
246 “2015 Group A Proposed Changes to the I-Codes Memphis Committee Action Hearings,” April 19, 2015, G 195-15.
247 “MosaicONE VMS.”
248 “Überwachungskamera im Aufzug: Ist das erlaubt?”; “Data Protection Laws of the World: Slovenia.”
249 “ASME 17.1-2016\/CSA B44-16,” 2.15.9; “BS EN 81‐20:2020,” 5.4.5.
250 “Telescopic 4 Step Apron”; “Elevator Cab Retractable Toe Guard, Car Apron.”
251 “Schindler 3300: Distinctive Design. Cost-Effective Solution. Green Technology Made Easy.”; “Schindler 3000: Elegante, funzionale e flessibile”; “Gen3 Elevator: Hoistway Dimensional Data”; “Gen2 Life: L’ordinaire devient extraordinaire.”
252 Best and Demers, Investigation Report on the MGM Grand Hotel Fire.
253 “2000 International Building Code,” 707.14.1; “International Building Code,” 713.14.1.
254 “2008 New York City Building Code,” 403.9.1; “2022 New York City Building Code,” 3006.1.1.
255 Baldassarra, “CTC Elevator Lobbies: Study Group Report for CTC Meeting June 28-29, 2012.”
256 “2018 International Building Code,” 3006.2.
257 Baldassarra, “2018 Complete Revision History to the 2018 I-Codes – IBC: Successful Changes and Public Comments; Code Change No: G201-15.”
258 Koshak, “Safety and Buffer Testing without Weights.”
259 “Elevator Technical Advisory Committee Meeting, Transcript of Proceedings: February 8, 2022, Day 1,” 35.
260 Ebeling and Heling, “Electronic Inspections Are Making Elevators Safer.”
261 “ASIS II – Die Alternative bei der Aufzugsprüfung”; “ADIASYSTEM.”
262 Alley, “Elevator Rules and ASME Adopted Code Year by State.”
263 “Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal Elevator Safety Review Board Meeting,” November 5, 2020, 38.
264 “Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal Elevator Safety Review Board Meeting,” 69–72.
265 “Elevator Technical Advisory Committee Meeting, Transcript of Proceedings: February 8, 2022, Day 1,” 38–41.
266 “Alternative Testing – Pro and Con.”
267 “Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal Elevator Safety Review Board Meeting,” November 5, 2020, 58; “NEBA Agreement with IUEC, 2022-2027,” Article VIII, Par. 2.
268 Chapman, “To the Pennsylvania Elevator Safety Board,” n.d.; “Elevator Safety Board Meeting Minutes: May 6, 2020”; “Elevator Plan Review and Inspection Requirements.”
269 Wurtec, “2019 Video-Text-Audio & Alternative CAT5 Testing.”
270 “FAQ Aufzugsprüfung: Häufig gestellte Fragen und Wissenswertes zu den Prüfungen von Aufzügen.”
271 Petry, “The Germany\/European Elevator Safety System and Policy”; “Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal Elevator Safety Review Board Meeting,” November 5, 2020, 38; “ADIASYSTEM.”
272 “Directive: Approval of Alternative Testing for Category 5 Testing.”
273 “Cost Calculations on Non MRL-Related Provisions of DOSH Elevator Code Updates.”
274 Research and Data Services, “Preliminary Cost-Benefit Analysis: Chapter 296-96 WAC, Safety Regulations and Fees for All Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Other Conveyances,” 9–10; RCW 34.05.328: Significant legislative rules, other selected rules.
275 “A117.1: Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities,” Table 507.4.1.
276 “The 1984 National Minimum Drinking Age Act.”
277 Singer, “How To Immigrate To Canada As An Elevator Constructor Or Mechanic.”