Beyond Zoning Footnotes

1 Emily Biro, “Building Small: Assessing Feasibility of 5-to-10 Unit Projects in California” (UCLA: The Ralph and Goldy Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies, June 16, 2023), https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0211793g.
2 Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division, “Cross Connection Control Program,” August 2016, 10, https://web.archive.org/web/20230802123757/https://www.mlgw.com/images/content/files/CCManualSigned.pdf.
3 Jody Barrett, “An Act to Amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 68, Chapter 120, Relative to Building Codes,” Pub. L. No. HB2787 (2024), https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/Billinfo/default.aspx?BillNumber=HB2787&ga=113.
4 Ben Abramson, “North Carolina Hopes Small Code Change Fills Big Housing Needs,” Strong Towns, November 6, 2023, https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2023/11/6/north-carolina-hopes-small-code-change-fills-big-housing-needs.
5 “2021 International Building Code,” 2021, 310.3, https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P1.
6 “2021 International Building Code,” 903.2.8.
7 “2021 International Building Code,” Chapter 10.
8 Dan Buuck, “Fire Sprinkler Mandates: State-by-State Data” (National Association of Home Builders, July 2019), https://www.nahb.org/-/media/NAHB/advocacy/docs/top-priorities/codes/fire-sprinklers/fire-sprinkler-state-adoption-2019.pdf; “2021 International Residential Code,” 2021, R310, R311, https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IRC2021P3.
9 “2021 International Residential Code,” R301.
10 Department of Commerce & Insurance: Tennessee Board of Architectural and Engineering Examiners, “Requirements for Building Design,” accessed June 18, 2025, https://www.tn.gov/commerce/regboards/architects-engineers/consumer/building.html.
11 “2021 International Building Code,” 420.2, 420.3, 504.
12 “2021 International Building Code,” 504.
13 “2021 International Residential Code,” R101.2.
14 “2021 International Building Code,” 903.2.8.
15 Buuck, “Fire Sprinkler Mandates: State-by-State Data.”
16 “2021 International Building Code,” 1006.
17 Ardel Jala, “Single Exit Provisions Code Change Petition: 24-SEP-001” (State of Washington State Building Code Council, August 28, 2024), https://sbcc.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2025-03/24-SEP-001.pdf.
18 Stephen Jacob Smith, “Reform Trackers,” Center for Building in North America, n.d., https://www.centerforbuilding.org/trackers.
19 Seva Rodnyansky et al., “Small Single-Stairway Apartment Buildings Have Strong Safety Record” (Pew Charitable Trusts, February 27, 2025), https://www.pew.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2025/02/small-single-stairway-apartment-buildings-have-strong-safety-record.
20 Rodnyansky et al.; Stephen Jacob Smith, “CAL FIRE Single-Exit Work Group: Cost Subgroup Report” (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, June 11, 2025), https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XLxigdeesZD_uoXIcGT6K6VINjngnUkilsyV4SGP4EU/edit?usp=sharing.
21 “Fair Housing Act, 42 U.S. Code § 3604,” September 13, 1988, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/3604; “24 C.F.R. § 100.205 , https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-24/subtitle-B/chapter-I/part-100/subpart-D/section-100.205.
22 “2021 International Existing Building Code,” 2021, 1002.1, https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IEBC2021P2.
23 “2021 International Building Code,” 304.1.
24 “2021 International Building Code,” 907; “2021 International Fire Code,” 2021, 907, https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IFC2024V1.0.25 “2021 International Fire Code,” 903.4, 907.6.6.
25 2021 International Fire Code, 903.4, 907.6.6.
26 Tucker McGree, “U.S. Experience with Sprinklers” (National Fire Protection Association, April 1, 2024), https://www.nfpa.org/education-and-research/research/nfpa-research/fire-statistical-reports/us-experience-with-sprinklers.
27 Shelby Hall, “Home Structure Fires” (National Fire Protection Association, April 1, 2023), https://www.nfpa.org/education-and-research/research/nfpa-research/fire-statistical-reports/home-structure-fires.
28 2021 International Building Code, 905.3; 2021 International Fire Code, Appendix D.
29 Steven Buchberger et al., “Peak Water Demand Study: Probability Estimates for Efficient Fixtures in Single and Multi-Family Residential Buildings” (International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, January 2017), https://iapmo.org/media/jk1n2zf0/peak-water-demand-study-executive-summary.pdf; Stantec, “Water Demand Calculator Study” (International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, December 1, 2020), https://iapmostandards.org/media/ra3frnnn/water_demand_calculator_study-final.pdf.
30 Keith Wilson, “Amend System Development Charge Exemptions Code to Add a Temporary Exemption for Residential Housing Projects (Amend Code Section 17.14.070),” Pub. L. No. 2025–243, 17.14.070 (2025), https://www.portland.gov/council/documents/ordinance/temporary-sdc-exemption-housing.
31 “2021 International Building Code,” 1106.2.